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Sunday, August 6, 2023

Timothy D. Snyder(Timothy Snyder 티머시 스나이더) quotes sayings 영어 명언 어록 wikipedia wiki website youtube net worth surgery illness books education Yale Courses what languages does speak wife Marci Shore, Yale youtube The Making of Modern Ukraine, On Tyranny, Bloodlands

 




※ Timothy David Snyder(1969년생, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_D._Snyder , https://timothysnyder.org , https://www.youtube.com/@timothysnyder5948 ) ; 중부 및 동부 유럽, 소련 및 홀로코스트의 역사를 전문으로 하는 미국의 역사가(an American historian specializing in the history of Central and Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union, and the Holocaust)이다.


◈ Copyright of the original

https://cw2588.blogspot.com


1. If none of us is prepared to die for freedom, then all of us will die under tyranny.

우리 중 누구도 자유를 위해 죽을 준비가 되어 있지 않다면, 우리 모두는 폭정(暴政) 아래서 죽을 것이다.


2. Fascists rejected reason in the name of will, denying objective truth in favor of a glorious myth articulated by leaders who claimed to give voice to the people.

파시스트들은 의지라는 이름으로 이성을 거부했고, 국민의 목소리를 낼 수 있다고 주장하는 지도자들이 표현한 영광스러운 신화를 위해 객관적 진실을 거부했다.


3. The mistake is to assume that rulers who came to power through institutions cannot change or destroy those very institutions – even when that is exactly what they have announced that they will do.

제도를 통해 권력을 잡은 통치자가 바로 그 제도를 변경하거나 파괴하지 않을 것이라고 가정(假定)하는 것은 실수이다.


4. It is your ability to discern facts that makes you an individual, and our collective trust in common knowledge that makes us a society.

The individual who investigates is also the citizen who builds.

The leader who dislikes the investigators is a potential tyrant.

우리를 개인으로 만드는 것은 사실을 분별하는 각 개인의 능력이며, 우리를 하나의 사회로 만드는 것은 상식에 대한 우리의 집단적 신뢰이다.

수사하는 개인은 건설하는 시민이기도 하다.

수사관을 싫어하는 리더는 잠재적인 폭군이다.


5. Much needs to be done to fix the gerrymandered system so that each citizen has one equal vote, and so that each vote can be simply counted by a fellow citizen.

We need paper ballots, because they cannot be tampered with remotely and can always be recounted.

각 시민이 하나의 동등한 투표권을 갖고 각 투표가 동료 시민에 의해 단순히 집계될 수 있도록 게리맨더 제도를 수정하려면 많은 조치가 필요하다.

원격으로 조작할 수 없고 항상 재검표할 수 있기 때문에 종이 투표지가 꼭 필요하다.


6. In the end, though, freedom depends upon citizens who are able to make a distinction between what is true and what they want to hear.

Authoritarianism arrives not because people say that they want it, but because they lose the ability to distinguish between facts and desires.

결국 자유는 진실과 듣고 싶은 말을 구별할 수 있는 시민에게 달려 있다.

권위주의는 사람들이 원한다고 해서 도래하는 것이 아니라, 사실과 욕망을 구별하는 능력을 상실하기 때문에 도래한다.


7. When meaning is drawn from killing, the risk is that more killing would bring about more meaning.

살인에서 의미를 끌어낼 때, 더 많은 살인이 더 많은 의미를 가져올 위험이 있다.


8. In the middle of Europe in the middle of the twentieth century, the Nazi and Soviet regimes murdered some fourteen million people.

The place where all of the victims died, the bloodlands, extends from central Poland to western Russia, through Ukraine, Belarus, and the Baltic States.

20세기 중반 유럽 중부에서 나치와 소련 정권은 약 1,400만 명을 살해했다.

모든 희생자가 사망한 피의 땅은 폴란드 중부에서 러시아 서부, 우크라이나, 벨로루시, 발트해 연안 국가까지 이어진다.


9. You submit to tyranny when you renounce the difference between what you want to hear and what is actually the case.

This renunciation of reality can feel natural and pleasant, but the result is your demise as an individual – and thus the collapse of any political system that depends upon individualism.

자신이 듣고 싶은 것과 실제로 있는 것 사이의 차이를 거부할 때 폭정에 굴복하는 것이다.

이러한 현실의 포기는 자연스럽고 유쾌하게 느껴질 수 있지만, 그 결과는 개인으로서의 죽음이며 따라서 개인주의에 의존하는 모든 정치 체제의 붕괴이다.


10. What the great political thinker Hannah Arendt meant by totalitarianism was not an all-powerful state, but the erasure of the difference between private and public life.

We are free only insofar as we exercise control over what people know about us, and in what circumstances they come to know it.

위대한 정치 사상가 Hannah Arendt(한나 아렌트, https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/12/hannah-arendt-sayings-quotes-wikipedia.html )가 의미한 전체주의는, 전능한 국가가 아니라 사생활과 공적 생활의 차이를 말살하는 것이었다.

우리는 사람들이 우리에 대해 알고 있는 것과 그들이 그것을 알게 되는 상황을 통제하는 한에서만 자유롭다.


11. Life is political, not because the world cares about how you feel, but because the world reacts to what you do.

The minor choices we make are a kind of vote, making it more or less likely that free and fair elections will be held in the future.

In the politics of the everyday, our words and gestures, or their absence, count very much.

인생은 정치적이다. 세상이 우리의 감정에 관심을 갖기 때문이 아니라, 세상이 우리가 하는 일에 반응하기 때문이다.

우리가 내리는 사소한 선택은 일종의 투표이며, 미래에 자유롭고 공정한 선거가 열릴 가능성을 어느 정도 만든다.

일상의 정치에서 우리의 말과 몸짓, 또는 그것들의 부재는 아주 중요하다.


☞ Chung Woon-gap profile

https://jc2588.tistory.com/pages/hello


🎤 Is Democracy Doomed? The Global Fight for Our Future Timothy Snyder TED

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YY6LCOJbve8


⚔️ Timothy Snyder: The Making of Modern Ukraine. Class 1: Ukrainian Questions Posed by Russian Invasion

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJczLlwp-d8


※ Quotes & sayings from Historians 2(歷史家 역사가 명언)


-. A.J.P. Taylor(A. J. P. 테일러)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/10/ajp-taylora-j-p-sayings-quotes.html


-. Arnold J. Toynbee(아놀드 토인비)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2023/05/arnold-j-toynbeearnold-joseph-toynbee-j.html


-. Carl Sandburg(칼 샌드버그)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/carl-sandburg-sayings-quotes-wikipedia.html


-. C. Northcote Parkinson(C. 노스코트 파킨슨)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/10/c-northcote-parkinsonc-sayings-quotes.html


-. Edward Gibbon(에드워드 기번)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/edward-gibbon-sayings-quotes-wikipedia.html


-. E.P. Thompson(E. P. 톰슨)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/10/ep-thompsone-p-sayings-quotes-wikipedia.html


-. G.M. Trevelyan(G. M. 트리벨리안)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/10/gm-trevelyangeorge-macaulay-trevelyan-g.html


-. H.W. Brands(H.W. 브랜즈)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/hw-brandshenry-william-brands-jr-hw.html


-. Lewis Mumford(루이스 멈퍼드)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/lewis-mumford-sayings-quotes-wikipedia.html


-. Norman Davies(노먼 데이비스)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2023/10/norman-davies-sayings-quotes-wiki.html


-. Plutarch(플루타르크)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/plutarchplutarchos-plutarchus-sayings.html


-. Sallust(Sallustius, 살루스트, 살루스티우스)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2024/09/historian-sallustsallustius-quotes.html


-. Stephen Jay Gould(스티븐 제이 굴드)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/stephen-jay-gould-sayings-quotes.html


-. Thomas Carlyle(토머스 칼라일)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/thomas-carlyle-quote-books-sayings.html


-. Thomas Fuller(토머스 풀러)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/thomas-fuller-sayings-quotes-wikipedia.html


-. Thucydides(투키디데스)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/thucydides-sayings-quotes-wikipedia.html


-. Victor Davis Hanson(빅터 데이비스 핸슨)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2024/03/victor-davis-hanson-sayings-quotes.html


-. Walter Scott(월터 스콧)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/sir-walter-scott-sayings-quotes.html


-. William James(윌리엄 제임스)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/william-james-sayings-quotes-wikipedia.html







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