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Sunday, May 7, 2023

Arnold J. Toynbee(Arnold Joseph Toynbee {아널드 J.}아놀드 토인비) quotes sayings 영어 명언 어록 wikipedia wiki cyclical theory books A Study of History a tribute to Mahatma Gandhi on India China Civilization On Trial, Challenge and Response meaning of history philosophy of history Kimdir, Ataturk

 



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1. The world's greatest need... is mutual confidence.

세계에서 가장 필요로 하는 것은 상호 신뢰이다.


2. There is no such thing as gratitude in international politics.

국제 정치에는 감사(感謝) 같은 것은 없다.


3. The supreme accomplishment is to blur the line between work and play.

최고의 성과는 일과 놀이의 경계를 모호하게 하는 것이다.


4. The aim of all education is, or should be, to teach people to educate themselves.

모든 교육의 목적은 사람들에게 스스로 교육하도록 가르치는 것이다.


5. Material power that is not counterbalanced by adequate spiritual power, that is, by love and wisdom, is a curse.

적절한 영적 능력, 즉 사랑과 지혜로 균형을 이루지 못하는 물질적 능력은 저주(詛呪)이다.


6. Civilizations, I believe, come to birth and proceed to grow by successfully responding to successive challenges.

They break down and go to pieces if and when a challenge confronts them that they fail to meet.

문명이 탄생하여 연속적인 도전에 성공적으로 대응함으로써 그 문명이 성장한다고 나는 믿고 있다.

도전에 직면했을 때 제대로 대응하지 못하면, 그 문명은 무너져 산산조각이 났다.


7. It is a paradoxical but profoundly true and important principle of life that the most likely way to reach a goal is to be aiming not at that goal itself but at some more ambitious goal beyond it.

목표에 도달하는 가장 가능성 있는 방법은 목표 자체가 아니라 그 너머에 있는 더 야심찬 목표를 목표로 하는 것이라는 것은, 역설적이지만 근본적으로 참되고 중요한 인생 원칙이다.


8. Human dignity can be achieved only in the field of ethics, and ethical achievement is measured by the degree in which our actions are governed by compassion and love, not by greed and aggressiveness.

인간의 존엄성은 윤리 분야에서만 이루어질 수 있으며, 윤리적 성취는 탐욕과 공격성이 아닌 연민(동정심)과 사랑으로 행동하는 정도에 따라 측정된다.


9. The absolute value of love makes life worth while, and so makes Man's strange and difficult situation acceptable.

Love cannot save life from death; but it can fulfill life's purpose.

사랑의 절대적 가치는 삶을 가치 있게 만들며, 그래서 이상하고 어려운 상황을 받아들일 수 있게 만든다.

사랑은 죽음에서 생명을 구할 수는 없으나, 사랑은 인생의 목적을 성취할 수는 있다.


10. Apathy can be overcome by enthusiasm, and enthusiasm can only be aroused by two things: first, an ideal, with takes the imagination by storm, and second, a definite intelligible plan for carrying that ideal into practice.

무관심은 열정에 의해 극복될 수 있으며, 열정은 두 가지에 의해서만 유발될 수 있다.

첫째, 이상(理想)은 상상력을 폭풍 속으로 몰아넣고, 둘째는 이상을 실행에 옮기기 위한 명확하고 이해할 수 있는 계획이다.


11. We shall have to share out the fruits of technology among the whole of mankind.

The notion that the direct and immediate producers of the fruits of technology have a proprietary right to these fruits will have to be forgotten.

After all, who is the producer?

Man is a social animal, and the immediate producer has been helped to produce by the whole structure of society, beginning with his own education.

우리는 기술의 결실을 인류 전체와 공유해야 할 것이다.

기술의 열매를 직접 생산하는 사람들이 이러한 열매에 대한 독점권을 가지고 있다는 개념은 잊혀져야 할 것이다.

결국, 제작자는 누구인가?

인간은 사회적 동물이며, 직접 생산자는 자신의 교육에서 시작하여 사회의 전체 구조에 의해 생산하는 데 도움을 받았다.



※ Arnold Joseph Toynbee CH FBA(1889~1975, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_J._Toynbee ) ; 20세기 영국의 역사가, 역사철학자(an English historian, a philosopher of history)이다.


그는 문명의 흥망성쇠를 분석한 《역사의 연구 A Study of History》 12권을 저술했으며, 이 책에서 많은 문화 유형을 고구(考究)하여 세계사를 포괄적으로 다룬 독자적인 문명사관(文明史觀)을 제시하였다.


또한 이 책은 유명한 ‘Challenge and response 도전과 응전’의 논리가 집약된 저술로, 그는 책 서두에서 제1차 세계 대전 이후 서구 문명의 몰락에 대한 불안감이 팽배한 상황에서 과거 그리스, 오스만 제국 등 역사의 전례를 연구하다 문명의 생성, 발전, 쇠퇴의 원리를 깨닫게 되었다며, 그 결실로 ‘Challenge and response’이란 개념을 창안하게 되었다고 고백했다.


한국의 효(孝) 및 경로(敬老) 사상, 가족 제도 등의 설명을 듣고 당시 86세였던 그는 눈물을 흘리면서 “한국의 효 사상에 대한 설명을 듣고 보니 효 사상은 인류를 위해서 가장 필요한 사상”이라며 “한국뿐만 아니라 서양에도 ‘효’ 문화를 전파해 달라”고 부탁하였던 것으로 유명하다.


☞ Chung Woon-gap profile
https://jc2588.tistory.com/pages/hello


🎤 Arnold Toynbee interview (1955)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lp0twnI2gxk


💎 Professor Arnold J. Toynbee - 'This I Believe' (1950s) - Radio broadcast

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTwfFpJxStY


※ Quotes & sayings from Historians 1(歷史家 역사가 명언)


-. A.J.P. Taylor(A. J. P. 테일러)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/10/ajp-taylora-j-p-sayings-quotes.html


-. Carl Sandburg(칼 샌드버그)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/carl-sandburg-sayings-quotes-wikipedia.html


-. C. Northcote Parkinson(C. 노스코트 파킨슨)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/10/c-northcote-parkinsonc-sayings-quotes.html


-. Edward Gibbon(에드워드 기번)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/edward-gibbon-sayings-quotes-wikipedia.html


-. E.P. Thompson(E. P. 톰슨)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/10/ep-thompsone-p-sayings-quotes-wikipedia.html


-. G.M. Trevelyan(G. M. 트리벨리안)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/10/gm-trevelyangeorge-macaulay-trevelyan-g.html


-. H.W. Brands(H.W. 브랜즈)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/hw-brandshenry-william-brands-jr-hw.html


-. Herodotus(헤로도토스)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2024/01/herodotus-sayings-quotes-father-of.html


-. Lewis Mumford(루이스 멈퍼드)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/lewis-mumford-sayings-quotes-wikipedia.html


-. Norman Davies(노먼 데이비스)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2023/10/norman-davies-sayings-quotes-wiki.html


-. Plutarch(플루타르크)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/plutarchplutarchos-plutarchus-sayings.html


-. Stephen Jay Gould(스티븐 제이 굴드)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/stephen-jay-gould-sayings-quotes.html


-. Thomas Carlyle(토머스 칼라일)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/thomas-carlyle-quote-books-sayings.html


-. Thomas Fuller(토머스 풀러)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/thomas-fuller-sayings-quotes-wikipedia.html


Thucydides(투키디데스)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/thucydides-sayings-quotes-wikipedia.html


-. Timothy Snyder(티머시 스나이더)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2023/08/timothy-d-snydertimothy-snyder-quotes.html


-. Walter Scott(월터 스콧)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/sir-walter-scott-sayings-quotes.html


-. William James(윌리엄 제임스)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/william-james-sayings-quotes-wikipedia.html







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