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Thursday, February 2, 2023

Friedrich Engels(프리드리히 엥겔스) sayings quotes 영어 명언 어록 wikipedia wiki books theory socialism industrial revolution Platz gymnasium definition and Karl Marx family conflict theory biografia ideology patriarchy contribution education

 




※ Friedrich Engels(1820~1895, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Engels ) ; 19세기 독일의 철학자, 정치 경제 비평가, 역사가, 정치 이론가, 혁명적 사회주의자, 사업가, 언론인, 정치 활동가(a German philosophercritic of political economy, historian, political theorist and revolutionary socialist)이다.


그는 Karl Marx(칼 마르크스, http://cw2588.blogspot.com/2023/02/karl-marx-sayings-quotes-wikipedia-wiki.html )와 함께 현재 마르크스주의로 알려진 사상을 발전시켰다.


1848년 그는 Karl Marx와 함께 공산주의 선언(The Communist Manifesto)을 공동 집필했으며, 재정적으로 Karl Marx를 지원하여 그가 자본론(Das Kapital)을 저술할 수 있도록 도왔다.


Karl Marx가 죽은 후 그는 자본론 2권과 3권을 편집했으며, 나중에 자본론 4권으로 출판된 잉여 가치론(Theories of Surplus Value)에 대한 Karl Marx의 노트를 정리했다.


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1. From the first day to this, sheer greed was the driving spirit of civilization.

역사의 첫날부터 이날까지 단순한 욕심이 문명의 원동력이었다.


2. The free development of each is the condition for the free development of all.

각자의 자유로운 발전은 모두의 자유로운 발전을 위한 조건이다.


3. In a political struggle of class against class, organization of trade unions is the most important weapon.

계급에 대한 계급투쟁에서 노동조합의 조직화는 가장 중요한 무기이다.


4. I have learned more from Balzac than from all the professional historians, economists, and statisticians put together.

나는 모든 전문 역사가, 경제학자, 통계학자를 합친 것보다 오노레 드 발자크(Honore de Balzac, https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/honore-de-balzac-quotes-sayings.html )로부터 더 많은 것을 배웠다.


5. Hegel was the first to state correctly the relation between freedom and necessity.

To him, freedom is the insight into necessity.

헤겔(Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, http://cw2588.blogspot.com/2023/01/georg-wilhelm-friedrich-hegel-sayings.html )은 자유와 필연 사이의 관계를 정확하게 진술한 최초의 사람이다.

그에게 자유란 필연에 대한 통찰이다.


6. The state is nothing but an instrument of opression of one class by another - no less so in a democratic republic than in a monarchy.

국가는 한 계급이 다른 계급을 억압하는 도구에 지나지 않는다.

군주제 못지않게 민주공화국에서도 그러하다.


7. All history has been a history of class struggles, of struggles between exploited and exploiting, between dominated and dominating classes at various stages of social development.

모든 역사는 사회 발전의 다양한 단계에서 착취자와 피착취자, 지배계급과 피지배계급 사이의 계급 투쟁의 역사였다.


8. Freedom does not consist in any dreamt-of independence from natural laws, but in the knowledge of these laws, and in the possibility this gives of systematically making them work towards definite ends.

자유는 자연법칙으로부터의 독립을 꿈꾸는 데 있는 것이 아니라, 자연법칙에 대한 지식과 이것이 일정한 목적을 향해 체계적으로 작동하도록 할 수 있는 가능성에 있다.


9. Bare-faced covetousness was the moving spirit of civilization from its first dawn to the present day; wealth, and again wealth, and for the third time wealth; wealth, not of society, but of the puny individual, was its only and final aim.

민낯의 탐욕이 문명의 첫 여명기부터 오늘날까지 역동적으로 움직이는 문명의 정신이었다.

오직 부(富), 사회가 아니라 보잘것없는 개인의 부(富)만이 사회의 유일한 최종 목표였다.


10. By bourgeoisie is meant the class of modern capitalists, owners of the means of social production and employers of wage labor.

By proletariat, the class of modern wage laborers who, having no means of production of their own, are reduced to selling their labor power in order to live.

부르조아는 사회적 생산 수단의 소유자이자 임금 노동의 고용주인 현대의 자본가 계급을 의미한다.

프롤레타리아는 자신의 생산 수단이 없어서 살기 위해 노동력을 파는 것으로 전락한 현대의 임금 노동자 계급이다.


11. Just as Darwin discovered the law of evolution in organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of evolution in human history; he discovered the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of idealogy [sic], that mankind must first of all eat and drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue politics, science, religion, art etc.

찰스 다윈(Charles Darwin, https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/charles-darwin-sayings-quotes-wikipedia.html )이 유기적 자연에서 진화의 법칙을 발견한 것처럼, 마르크스는 인류 역사에서 진화의 법칙을 발견했다.

그는 인류가 정치, 과학, 종교, 예술 등을 추구할 수 있기 전에 먼저 먹고 마시며, 거처할 곳이 있고 옷을 입어야 한다는 단순한 사실을 발견했다.

☞ Chung Woon-gap profile

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👥 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZAhceJjX8iQ


🕵️ Friedrich Engels

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKVRoSJIiqw


※ Quotes & sayings from Reformers & Innovators(개혁가, 혁신가들의 명언)


-. Dorothea Dix(도로시아 딕스)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/dorothea-dix-sayings-quotes-wikipedia.html


-. Florence Nightingale(플로렌스 나이팅게일)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/florence-nightingale-sayings-quotes.html


-. Kossuth Lajos(코슈트 러요시)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/10/kossuth-lajos-sayings-quotes-wikipedia.html


-. M.S. Swaminathan(M. S. 스와미나탄)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/10/ms-swaminathanm-s-sayings-quotes.html


-. Nolan Bushnell(놀런 부슈널)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2024/02/nolan-bushnell-sayings-quotes-moxy.html


-. Pancho Villa(판초 비야)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/10/pancho-villa-sayings-refranes-quotes.html


-. Patrick Henry(패트릭 헨리)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/patrick-henry-quotes-sayings-wikipedia.html


-. Sonam Wangchuk(소남 왕축)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2023/11/sonam-wangchuk-quotes-sayings.html


-. Thomas Paine(토머스 페인)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/thomas-paine-sayings-quotes-wikipedia.html


-. William Penn(윌리엄 펜)

https://cw2588.blogspot.com/2022/11/william-penn-sayings-quotes-wikipedia.html








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